$\newcommand{\Dev}{\operatorname{Dev}}$ $\newcommand{\dev}{\operatorname{dev}}$ $\newcommand{\grad}{\operatorname{grad}}$ $\newcommand{\divg}{\operatorname{div}}$ $\newcommand{\Ei}{\operatorname{Ei}}$ $\newcommand{\tr}{\operatorname{tr}}$

A tied interface can be used to connect two non-conforming meshes [40]. A tied interface requires the definition of both a primary and a secondary surface. It is assumed that the nodes of the primary surface are connected to the faces of the secondary surface. The following control parameters need to be defined: